Th9 cells: differentiation and disease
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Th9 cells: differentiation and disease.
CD4(+) T-helper cells regulate immunity and inflammation through the acquisition of potential to secrete specific cytokines. The acquisition of cytokine-secreting potential, in a process termed T-helper cell differentiation, is a response to multiple environmental signals including the cytokine milieu. The most recently defined subset of T-helper cells are termed Th9 and are identified by the ...
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Newly discovered IL-9-producing CD4(+) helper T cells (Th9 cells) have been reported to contribute to tissue inflammation and immune responses, however, differentiation and immune regulation of Th9 cells in tuberculosis remain unknown. In the present study, our data showed that increased Th9 cells with the phenotype of effector memory cells were found to be in tuberculous pleural effusion as co...
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All-trans-retinoic acid plays a central role in mucosal immunity, where it promotes its synthesis by up-regulating CD103 expression on dendritic cells, induces gut tropic (α4β7(+) and CCR9(+)) T cells, and inhibits Th1/Th17 differentiation. Recently, murine studies have highlighted the proinflammatory role of retinoic acid in maintaining inflammation under a variety of pathologic conditions. Ho...
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Various effector CD4 + T-lymphocyte subsets have been characterized, such as T-helper (Th)1, Th2, regulatory CD4 + T cells (Treg), Th17, and Th22, which show distinct patterns of cytokine release. Specifically, the cytokine interleukin (IL)-9 has been regarded largely as an exclusive Th2 cytokine. However, a new subset of the Th population, named " Th9 " , which is separate from Th2, producing ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Immunological Reviews
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0105-2896
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12028